Applying Off-grid Utilities for Sustainable Architecture in Egypt

Proper and clean utilities (water supply, sanitation, electricity and cooking gas) are a problematic issue in Egypt. Despite the billions spent over them, the provided utilities are not always sufficient or convenient. Expanding utilities to new urban settlements is another challenge as it requires huge investments exceeding the government's capabilities. Conventional utilities also have environmental drawbacks as they deplete our non-renewable resources and affect our ecological systems. Their provision is getting harder by time in Egypt as its water share is threatened and its energy is in shortage. This search suggests that non-conventional decentralized utilities can mitigate the problem. If people install their own utilities they'll feel responsible, stop complaining, gain experience, reserve the resources, and make their best to improve and maintain them. Water will be wisely consumed and energy will be green and sustainable. This book introduces new compatible models for rural areas, slums, remote areas and new settlements. It also introduces suitability maps for each utility plus general recommendations to help designers applying these utilities in different urban patterns.